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Introduction

7. Organizing Code With Functions Modules and Classes

Hello and welcome. In this lesson we will learn how toorganize our code and what are different partsthat we can put our code logs inside. And, first and foremost, we will learn functions. Functions are actually your first line of attack to organise and achieve a certain level of modularity for your program. And with the help of functions, you'll be able to divide your code into blocks. And those blocks will be reusable chunks capable of performing a single task. And that single task can be repeated by calling those functions again and again. So you don't have to write the same codeblock many times. You will simply call your function. As you can see here, functions can be inside modules and can be inside your code block. And functions will be defined by some simple keywords; they will be defined by death, and you will also be able to return certain characters or variables with the help of those functions. Another thing that you will deal with are modules. Modules are related to encapsulating those functionalities, and you can also constrain how different parts of your applications will interact, as functions can serve you a great deal.You can also use your modules so that you can package your functions inside those modules, and with the help of them, your source code will be separated in some certain way so that the rest of the application code can be used together with the rest of the code in the runtime. Modules are generally composed of some functions and some classes, as you can see here; they can have some global variables, and you will see certain different statements that can initialise those modules. And just as you can separate code parts into modules, you can also use classes. Classes are like functions and modules, but they have higher levels of code organisation than your functions, but not as high as your modules. It generally deals with how you define an object; it will also contain some parameters related to holding the data; and it will also contain some methods. and classes will have some members inside. And you can also inherit some data from other classes. And you will see that a certain hierarchy is used in classes, and those class hierarchies are just used to simplify the code to eliminate some sort of duplication. Again, you can just define a class by saying "class," the class name, and then you will define related functions, some members, methods, or anything such as your functions that will be used regularly in your classes. But members and methods are also inside your classes to get certain jobs done, get your objects created, and enable the interaction with those objects and execution of certain actions. Lastly, we will talk about methods. Methods are actually what you are called as "constructors," and they are simply used to initialise certain object data. As you use classes to define those objects, you create those objects. You can use methods to create and initialise those objects. And when you're defining them again, you can use this "dev" definition "deaf" keyword. And you can also call these methods the way you perform your operations inside classes. So in this video, we went over the core organization. The small part that you can use for your codes will be your functions, and you can define some variables inside those functions. You can define some global variables, and you can get those functions and classes that you use to define certain objects inside some modules. And you will use them to package your code blocks and use your codes in a much more efficient and reusable way. Instead of writing many lines of code, many pages, and many lines of certain codes, you can just simply write certain functions and modules such that you will only call those functions and classes and modules, and you will call certain functions inside some modules, so that you will have easier development and much more scalable and organised code blocks. I hope this has been beneficial for you. Thank you for watching.

8. Common Design Patterns

Hello and welcome. In this lesson, you will learn about the advantages of common design patterns. When you are writing your software or when you're developing your code, you will need some patterns because you will need to arrange higher- or lower-level components into one entity. And in those patterns, some work better than others, some of them are much better documented, and some will give you certain benefits. The first one that we will deal with is Model View Controller, and you can also call this MVC. This is one of the best known and most used architectural patterns in your software development journey. MVC will give you the implementation of software componentsin terms of their responsibilities, so it focuses onresponsibilities and on your MEC you will see thatyou will have three object roles. The first one will have Model, the second one will have View, and the third one will have Controller. They will give you a separation of concerns, and you will be able to develop each of them independently. Views will have the logic to display information to the user, and models will just encapsulate what that information is. If you make any changes with the help of users on the View, these are handled by the controller component, and then the controller will take the input, make certain changes on the model if it seems necessary, and the controller will also inform the View component so that it will update the presentation. When you are dealing with MVC, you will have certain benefits. The first one will be the separation, because now you have the separation between the view and the model. You will have a certain separation of concerns, and next you will have certain flexible presentation changes, and this will give you flexibility. There are numerous advantages to MEC, but these are two of the most important. You can also talk about independent testing of components and pluggable components, and as you will, you can have multiple views of the same model. You can also add this as another benefit. When you talk about the disadvantages of NBC, you can think about it being much more complex and that you will see too many notifications because you will have an excessive number of changes. You can also count the needs of a separate controller as being useless in certain cases, and this can also be countered as a disadvantage. When we are dealing with design patterns, we can also talk about observer design patterns. And observer-design patterns are actually the behavioural patterns that will give you the definition of one too many dependencies. and these dependencies will be between objects. And thanks to the subscription mechanism toinform subscribed objects or changes on theobject, you will observe them. The observer design pattern can be seen as having three main patterns: three main things that will give you certain benefits and certain unique elements to your design. One will be an event, and the other one will be triggered. And lastly, you will receive notifications. When an event happens on your object, you will see that it will trigger a notification and that it will happen like the event. It will go out and trigger a notification, and this will maybe create another event. And the trigger will also require a certain class so that it will go through a list of subscribers. Then they will call the notification methods. You have multiple objects that will be interested in change notifications, and they can even be from the same publisher. I know these seem like topics that are far from your good old Cisco days, but these are important for software development because you will deal with design patterns. But when you are dealing with observer design patterns You need to know that you will have events. They will trigger some notifications, and with the help of that, you will be able to understand the basics of that, and in the exam or in the development part, that will take place. having the fundamentals. Knowing the basics will be enough so that you will have certain benefits while going through the implementation phase. So in this video, we went over two things. First, model your controller. Then we observed the design pattern and its advantages and disadvantages. I hope this has been beneficial for you. Thank you for watching.

9. Lab Git Clone Repository

Hello and welcome. In this video, we will start our learning journey for Git. Get is used for version control and is one of the main tools. When you are developing code, you will first start learning how to clone a repository. Now we will open up our GitLab server, and from here we will click on projects, and under projects we will see our project. We will then open our project that we set up in Lab 2. And here you will see many options related to your project, and simply to clone our repository, we will go to clone, open the drop-down box, and clone the link (the URL), copy the URL, and then change our moving directory from our command line. To change our working directory, we will simply write the CDchange directory command, and we will write the pad. To make our new working directory, we will click on "Enter," and now we will see our working directory in here. After we're done with that, we will just configure the Get username and email, and we will use these credentials when we are publishing changes to our remote repository. So to do that, we will go and write git confirm, and then we will define our global, and we will not forget to put the dot in between user and name. And after we are done with our username, we will go and write the email address so that it will use it as a credential, and again, we will use the same git config comment so that we can configure our username, and with that comment, we can also configure our username, email, and password, and we will simply enter. After that, our next step will be to just go to our GitLab projects and clone our repository by copying the link, which we already did, but let's just show it again. Now from here, I will just copy the URL, and after that, I'll go back to our terminal again, and I will just use the command get clone, which is the command for cloning a repository from a remote server. So I will say, get cloned and paste it. Now after passing our URL, we'll click on "Enter," and it will ask us for the username. We will enter the username, and it will ask us the password. So we'll enter the password, and the cloning will begin. As we are done with our cloning, we can just go and list the contents of the clone repository, so let's use the LSLi command, and in here we see that we have our DevNet Lab 2 directory, and we will just go to that, enter that, and now we change our working directory again. So let's list the content there, and we can see the git file and the README MD file. This git file is the place that everything that your git needs to keep track of your project is stored. So if your GitLab needs anything related to your project to keep track of, it will be stored here. You can also find the README.MD file in this directory. And this is the one that is cloned to this directory. And as you can see, README is cloned to the new directory. So in this video, we went over how to clone a repository. I hope this has been beneficial for you. Thank you for watching.

10. Lab Git Status Commit and Push changes

In this lab, we will learn how to verify the steps for a local repository. Then we will add some files, and we will commit them. So basically, we will learn how to verify the status and image of a repository with the help of git commands. First of all, we will go to our working directory and create a new file. The name of the file will be labtwo and the extension will be Python. Now you will go and check the status. With git status, we will see the status of the repository and the files within it. We see that on our branch master, our branches are up to date with the origin master. We also have an untracked file called lab 2 pi. And now we will go and add thelab-two.pi file to our repository. So to do that first, we need to start tracking it. And for that purpose, we will use the git add command. The git add command adds a file or a couple of files to the repository, and then it will start indexing them. As a result, we will use git add lab 2 pi. Now let's apply the git sales command again and see what's changed in our repository. Now we see that the changes are committed and we don't have any untracked files because all the files are now tracked with the help of the githad command. Now to commit our file to our local repository, we will use the git commits command, and this will basically commit the changes to our staging repository. So let's go apply and commit, and we'll just use a kind of comment to write what we did to do the comment statement. So we just added Lab 2 to the file. We can see that we added labo two files and changed one file. There were zero insertions and zero deletions. And if we try again to get such a comment in here, Now we see that there is nothing to comment on. The working tree is clean, and all of our branches outside of the origin are master by a single commit. Because we added a file and committed it to the staging area, all we need to do now is publish the commit statement so that we can send it to origin master, and our branch will no longer be independent of origin master, but will instead be the same as the origin. To do that we will go and usegit pushorigin master command because get push pushesthe local changes to the remote repository. It will ask for the username, which we already created, and then we will use the password. Now we see that our local master branch is synchronised with the remote branch, and to confirm that, we can use the get status command again. And in here we see that our branch is up to date with origin master, there's nothing to commit, and the working tree is clean. Now we will go to our browser, and in here we can go to details, and we can just go and refresh the page. And, in addition to the README file, which was previously present, we now have lab two PYfile, whereas previously, as you recall, it was one commit here and one branch here. Now we have two comments because we added a file, commented it, and pushed it to the origin branch, origin master. We can also see that we added our lab-o-twofile in here and we wrote this command in here, and we can click on it and see what happened there. We see that the lab two pi file was committed, and we will see which changes to the repository files were done. In this comment, it is clear that one changefile is here and there were zero additions and zero deletions. We also have another way to push the code to our repository, and we can use Visual Studio for that. And also, we can use the git extension in Visual Studio code to do that. We will go to our Visual Studio, open the file, and in here we can just change the contents of the file; let's say print, and we can print whatever we want. Let's say that our first file with Kit is now saved, and we will just save the file now as we saved it by using Save As. We will have an M sign in here; an M means modified. And we will see that the name of our file just changed colors. These changes are tracked by the git extension in Visual Studio code, and thanks to that, we will go and click on the "Get extension" icon, see the "Get extension" icon, and we will see a tick sign so that we can use it to commit the changes. We will say in this statement that you always click on "always" to always stage the comments. And now that we have committed to the changes, the local repository is ahead of the remote repository, and to push the changes to the remote repository, we will click on the three dots here. But first, we will say "commit message." Let's say that change of lab two file content. And now we will click here, say we will click on push two, and it will ask us which branch to push the changes to. And we only have one option here. We'll select it, and it will ask us to enter the username. So we will enter the username, then it will ask us to enter the password. We will enter the password, and after this step, we just push the changes to our working directory and to the file in that working directory, which is lab two PY. And now we will go and refresh the project file, and let's see that. Let's just refresh it, and exactly 1 minute ago, we just changed the lab file content and, as a commit statement, as you remember, we entered the change of lab file content comment. So now we changed the comment and added a new comment. So we now see that level two file content was changed. So, in this video, we discussed how to see the search so far get repository, as well as how to commit changes to the staging area and push them, including how to push the login changes to the remote repository. I hope this has been beneficial for you. Thank you for watching.

11. Lab Git Compare and Merge Commands

Hello and welcome. In this lab, we will learn how to create a branch, then learn how to move between different branches, compare them, and lastly, also find differences in the files. To do that, first we will create a new branch, and creating a new branch is simply done by typing getcheckout commentcheckout b staging. This will switch to a new branch that we will call staging, and on our Visual Studio we will go and add a new statement. So let's say that print and we will use, let'ssay needed for compare and let's again save it. Can you see that the file is modified? We will go to our terminal, and we will now use the Get div master command so that we can compare the two branches to see whether they have the same number of lines and the same content. So we'll say Get div, and it says that there is, of course, a difference, and when you're dealing with the Get div master command, you'll see some minus and plus signs in here that will represent changes in the lines, which line is plus, and which line is changing in the file, and you'll also see the differences between here. So the first file has our first file withgit, and the second one has an extra line, which is called "needed for compare." Now we need to add the file so that we will be able to track it at lattice two pi, and we will also go and commit the file. We will, of course, add a comment in this new line. We can see that we changed one file and made two additions and one deletion. In git, we also have another operation called merging, and we can merge branches as a common task. So we will list the existing branches and see which one we are currently working on, and then we will merge it to the master branch without any complexity. So we will say and write "get branch in here." We are seeing that we are currently on a staging branch, and before merging the staging branch into our master branch, we will first switch to the master branch with the help of the "git checkout master" command. Check it out, and now we see that we switched to branch master, and now our branch is up to date with the origin and master. To merge the staging branch into the master branch, we can use git, the merge command, and staging, and with the help of that, we see that now we've updated it and changed one file and done two insertions and one deletion. We should also go and check the status of the local repository, and we should also push the changes to our remote branch. We will go and use Get Status, and in here we see that our branches are ahead of the origin master, but we don't have anything to commit, so we will go and push changes with the help of the git push origin master command, and it will ask us for a username, which we will give, and then a password, which we will also enter, and here we see that the changes are pushed to the master, and when we also apply the git status command, we see that our branch is up to date with the origin master but wedon't have anything to commit so we will go and pushchanges with help of git pushorigin master command and it willask us for a username which we will give and thenthe password which we will also enter and here we seethat the changes are pushed to the master and when wealso apply the git status command we see that our branchis up to date with the origin master.So, in this video, we learned how to compare different branches and how to find differences in the files. We also learned how to merge branches using the git merge command, and we also learned how to switch to the master branch from the staging branch using the git check out master command. I hope this has been beneficial for you. Thank you for watching.

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