Pass LPI 101-500 Exam in First Attempt Easily

Introduction

1. Course outline

In this lesson I want to provide an overview of the topics that are relevant to the two LPIC One exams. I will show you where you can get detailed information and we will look at width which topics are most important. So we take a look at the official website of API. It is Rpi.org and we click here on Certifications and then we see the item LPIC One and we click on this. Now we are on the El pick one page. First we get an overview. What is important here is the current version, namely version five. Linux is always changing. There are always new things that are added and old things that are no longer used. LPI also adapts the topics accordingly. The most current exam version when recording this video is version 50. All topics from version 50 are discussed in detail in this course. Of course, if one day LPI publishes a new version of the exam catalog, for example version five or version six, this course will be updated to the new exam catalogue promptly, so that this course is always kept up to date. In brackets we see the exam codes 101-500 and 102-500.These are the exam codes. So there are two exams to be taken and passed in order to receive the Linux Administrative certificate. Of course, this course covers the topics for both exams. We see here that we don't need a certificate to get the LPIC One certificate. So with the LPIC-2 certificate it would be different. For example, here you could not take an exam unless you have a valid LPIC-1 certificate. The certificate is valid for five years. After five years the exams would have to be repeated in order to receive an updated certificate. Below you will find some information on the prices in the respective countries in which languages the exam can be held and a rough overview of the topics that you have to master. But let's look at these topics in detail. Now we first click on 101-500 and here we find a detailed overview of the individual topics. Since there are really many topics, we will not address every single topic now, but only select two or three topics as examples and briefly show how you can use this information for yourself. The individual topics are divided into large subject areas. The first big topic is topic 101 system Architecture. Within the topic System Architecture we find three sub topics. Everything that starts with 101 belongs to the subject of System Architecture. So the first topic would be 101 determine and Configure hardware settings. We see a brief description here candidates should be able to determine and configure fundamental system hardware. Below we see the key knowledge areas with the topics that you have to master for the exam, namely Enable and Disable integrated sorry. Differentiate between the various types of mass storage devices. Determine hardware resources for devices, tools and utilities to list various hardware information, for example USB, lspci and so on tools and utilities to manipulate USB devices conceptual understanding of UDF and Debus and here we find a list of commands or paths or files that we should know for the test. Namely in this case. So the sys directory, the pros directory, the dash directory mod pro is the command the command LSmod, the command lspci and the command LS USB. The point weight is also extremely interesting. In this case we see two. Wait, two in this case actually means that two questions from this topic are asked in the exam. Let's look at the next topic topic 101 dottwo boot the system wait, here is three. So we are asked three questions on this topic during the exam. So you already know beforehand which topic you should look at very intensively and which one you may not have to deal with in such detail. Of course I recommend learning everything in detail firsthand. It's still the easiest. The next big main topic is topic102 Linux Installation and Package Management. There are 60 sub topics here, namely one or two. One design hard Disk layout, install a boot Manager, manage shared libraries, use DBN Package Management, use Rpm and Yam PackageManagement and Linux as a virtualization guest. This is followed by topic 103 GNU and Unix commands. You will have to learn most of the commands from this subject area. You will notice this at first glance. So here you can compare. We have five commands, four commands here five and so on. And now let's look here 123-45, 67, 89, 10,11, 12, 13, 14 and here again some commands. And here more commands. So you really have to learn many commands in this area. The last main topic for this first exam 101-500 is the topic devices Linux, file systems and file system hierarchy standard. If you have learned these topics, have practically applied the mand have mastered all commands, fine names and pass, then you can register for the first exam 101-500. If you have passed this exam, you will continue with the preparation for the second exam. Let's take a quick look. So we choose this one here 102-500and you see here the first main topic is Topic 105 Shelf and Shell Scripting. Here too we see the subcategories, the key knowledge areas, the individual commands that we have to be able to do and again the wait year four. And let's scroll further down. Topic 106 user interfaces and desktops 107administrative tasks 108 is essential system services109 networking fundamentals and Topic 110 security. This would then be the final topic. For example $100 to $500. I think we don't have to look at every single topic in detail. We will do that in the course anyway. So you'd now know what topics to expect. Take a look at it and then we will go straight to the practice.

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Preperation of practice

1. Installation Virtualbox

At first we want to download and install the programme Oracle VirtualBox VirtualBox is a programme with which you can install virtual virtual machines, so called virtual machines. With VirtualBox you can install a Linux system within a Windows system without deleting your HDD or something like that. Okay, so please just go to virtualbox.org and then here you find the download button download VirtualBox six one I click it and here you have the virtual box platform packages. I am using the Windows host platform package and as you see here at the bottom, the programme is just downloading. Additionally, we have to download the VirtualBox extension pack that is an extension pack for different drivers. Without the extension pack we will not be able to run Linux in full screen mode. So please download this file too. Okay, that's done. So now just double click on the virtual box package. Okay, as you see, there is only German language because I live in Germany and so my system downloads the German version automatically. So sorry for that, but I think it is not so important. I think you will understand it. Okay, we click Next here and here we don't change anything. We click Next and yes, the warning says that during the installation the network connections could be interrupted and the computer is the Internet connection is interrupted for a short period of time. So I'd say yes, it's okay and install. And then the installation starts yes, ready. And here I have a message which says I have an old version of the extended extension pack installed I'm asked if I want to delete the extension package which is stored on my hard drive. I can do it, but I would choose no. Now the virtual box is installed and with the virtual box we can now install two different Linux versions on our Windows system. How does this function? I will show you in the next two videos.

2. Installation Ubuntu

Now we are downloading the first Linux distribution and install it of course. And in this case it is Ubuntu. Ubuntu is based on the Debian Linux system and it is very beginner friendly. And for that I choose this one. Please go just to ubuntu.com. Then here on the top right download. And here on the left you have Ubuntu desktop. Download Ubuntu desktop and replace your current operating system, whether it's Windows or Mac and so on at the time of the video recording, the actual long term version or long time version, it's version 24and the actual version is the version 2010.For this video I would download 20. Just click it. And now the download should start automatically. And yes, the download starts. We have to wait a few minutes until the download is complete. The file is 2.6gb and I would just pause this video until the download is complete. Okay, the download is complete. I have downloaded the file to my download directory. Now I switched to oracle VirtualBox. And here sorry again because of the German language I hope you can understand, but I think you will understand it even if the language is German. Here in this case I click on this button here on the new button and here I have to choose a name for my operating system. In this case I would choose Ubuntu because I want to install an Ubuntu system. Now I click next. Then I can choose the virtual Ram. I have 16GB maximum here and I would just choose 8192 megabytes. Next. Create Nhtd yes. Create. We choose VDI virtual box disc image. It is the file type of the HDD. Here we can choose if we want to have a fixed size or if we want to use the size dynamically. I click Dynamically and here I can choose how many disc space I want to use. I would choose 12GB.That should be enough. And I click on Create. Now the Ubuntu pre work is done. The virtual machine is created and now we want to start the virtual machine. I click on Start and now I have to choose Media for the system. I could use a CD or DVD, but in our case we have downloaded an image. So I click here on the right icon and here on the left I click Add. And then I can add the Ubuntu image that I have just downloaded a few minutes ago. And I click on open. Okay and start. Now the system starts with the downloaded image. We have to wait a little bit until the system is okay. Now. I can choose between try. Uonto. Then the Ubuntu system is just loaded and I can try it out. But I cannot store anything. So I would suggest that you click on Install Ubuntu with the English language. You can choose another one if you want. And here is the keyboard layout. In my case I would choose German because itis easier for me to find the right button. But as I said, you feel free to use the English layout or any other language you prefer. I click continue. And now what apps would you like to install? To start with, I have the option of normal installation or minimal installation. I would choose minimal installation with a web browser and basic utilities, because I don't need Office software, games, or media players for this course. So I choose minimal download updates while installing Ubuntu. Yes, I will accept that and install third-party software for graphics and WiFi hardware and additional media formats. I click that too. In my case, it is very important. When I'm not clicking this, I will have problems with my WiFi, and I have to install this later on. And with a click here, my WiFi works already. After the installation, I click Continue, because I have to Erase the disc and install Ubuntu or something else? Something else is only when you want to partition the drive for yourself. So I would recommend to use erase disc and install Ubuntu. If you do not knowVirtualBox yet, please don't hesitate. The Windows system will not be deleting when you click Erase Disk. With Disk it only means that twelve gigabytedisk that we have just created with VirtualBox. So nothing will happen here. You can click to advance features if you want and use LVM with a new bouncy. Installation or experimental. I would recommend to choose none later on, but just only for one lesson. You can install Ubuntu a second time with the use of LVM, but for all other lessons you don't need LVM. So please choose none install. Now we just get a summary here of our configurations and then we click Continue. And here I can choose my time zone. I will choose Berlin and continue. Now I can type in my name. I just type in my name manual. I can choose a computer's name. I will choose manual VirtualBox. It's okay for me. Pick a username, choose a password. Of course I have to type in the password two times. And I would choose Login Automatically because itis not a live system where I have to work and store important things. Otherwise I would choose Require my password to log in. But for this case, I will choose Login automatically. Continue. And now the installation starts.I think it will take five to ten minutes and I will stop the video until the installation is done. The installation is complete. Now I need to restart the computer in order to use the new installation. And I click of course Restart Now and I am waiting for the reboot. Please remove the Installation Medium, then press Enter. In this case we don't have to remove anything, just press Enter and Ubuntu will start. Ubuntu is started now that is the start. And here I click. Skip. I click Next. I don't want to send any system information. And I turn off my location services. Done. And now the system is working, but as you see, I cannot see it in full screen. I can scalable Mode, that's new. Normally you have to install full screen mode isn't working. So you have to click to. In German. It's greater. I think in English it is devices. And then go to German guest advisor woman. And I think in English it is guest editions. Please click guest Editions contains software intended to be automatically started. Would she like to run it? Yes, we want to run it. And as I said at the beginning, or as I said in the video about the virtual box, it is for installing additional modules, additional drivers and so on, so that we can see everything in full screen mode later on. Full screen mode. Okay, sometimes you have to just restart the system for the changes to take effect. So let me restart the system. Okay, now I have my full screen mode and I'm searching for Terminal. Maybe it was a little bit fast, sorry. Here at the bottom left you can click on Show Applications and then just type in Terminal. And then you can choose the Terminal. And here I would suggest to right click and then add to Favorites so that the icon is at this place after every restart. And now you can use Ubuntu. You can use the terminal. The terminal you will use all the time for the whole course you need the Terminal. So I would suggest to add this to your Favorites and yeah, that's it. For the window installation in the next video we will install a second Linux distribution. In this case, we are installing the Fedora Linux. See you then.

3. Installation Fedora

Now we want to download and install the Linux distribution Fedora. Fedora is based on Redhead linux. And we need this second Linux distribution because there are some differences in some commands and I have to show them on two different systems in some lessons. And for that you should also download the actual Fedora Workstation version and install it. In this lesson I will describe how you can do that. So please go to get Fedora. org. And here you can choose Fit or Workstation. Download now. And here you can choose your system on Windows or Mac. Get started. Media Writer. Here you have the DVD easel file. I would use this one, but I have already downloaded the file before starting this video. So just go to Fedora and click here to hear the download button. Then download the file. And after that, as shown in the last video, start the virtual box as shown in the first video. We are choosing new. The name is Fedora. Next I choose 8GB bytes. Next, create HDD VD dynamical. And here I choose 16GB.We need a little bit more space. Create and then start the virtual machine. And here again we are clicking hereon the icon at the right side. And in my case I can already choose it. If there is no Fedora Workstation visible in your program, just click to add here and then choosing the Fedora Workstation Life image file. Choose and start. Now we can choose between Start Fedora workstation live or test this media and start. We are using Start Fedora Workstation Live and now we are waiting for the system to go up. Now we can choose between try Fedora or install to hard drive. The same as with Ubuntu. We can just try Fedora without installing anything, but in this case we cannot store anything. And for that we are using Install to hard drive, search for English. English and continue. I would choose my keyboard layout to German. You can of course also choose your language or keyboard layout to your regarding language, time and date. Europe berlin. It's okay. And here we cannot begin the installation because the button is greyed out. So we have to click here to the installation destination. Device selection. Select the devices you would like to install to. So I will check this. You have to click this two times because only then it works. And storage configuration automatic custom advanced. I think we can just use the defaults and I'll click Done. And now I can begin the installation. Now it takes I think about ten to 15 minutes. It's a little bit longer than the Ubuntu distribution. And now I think I would stop the video until the installation is done. Okay, Fedora has now successfully installed. So we click finish installation. It takes a little bit of time. So I think that's it. Now we have to shut down the machine power off. And in the case of Fedora we need to remove the installation image. So click to Fedora and then on Change and hereon Controller EDI, just remove the Fedora workstation with this icon here with the x, with the red x remove. Okay? And now you can start Fedora again. When you forget to remove the image file, then at the next start of Fedora you again have to choose if you want to try out Fedora or want to install. And so it starts the image and not the installed system. So please don't forget it comes start set up. We can set our privacy next skip. And now we have to enter our name. I just use next. Set a password of course, two times. And next start using Fedora. And in the case of Fedora you don't need to install the guest editions because the full screen mode is possible. So I click to full screen mode. I don't want to see a tour. And the system is ready. You can click here on Activities at the top left. And then just type in Terminal. Click on terminal here. And then you can work with the Terminal here in Fedora.

4. Linux on Virtualbox

This will be a very short video for the case that you don't use a Windows laptop or Windows computer and you have already installed a Linux version then you surely need only one additional Linux and for that you have to install the virtual box in your Linux distribution. In my case I have now here ubuntu installed and I am looking for the VirtualBox package. I'm using the command apt cash search VirtualBox so I am searching for the package with the name VirtualBox and I get some packages here and I think I should install this one with the name VirtualBox and I think I have to install this one the guest editions either image for VirtualBox install it with pseudo apt install and then VirtualBox and the other package this one. Don't worry if you do not yet know these commands here we will talk about these commands in detail in later videos, in later lessons so just follow these instructions here to copy the VirtualBox and the VirtualBox guest editions. Yes, we want to install. The installation is done now so I am clicking hereon the bottom left show applications and then in the search I type virtual box and here is the icon VirtualBox icon start it and this should be very familiar to you so as described before in the two other installations just click here to new choose a name, in my case it would be Fedora. Choose next choose a memory size for example 4GBnext create a virtual hard disc now create dynamically located 8GB space create and then you can start the virtual machine and here you should choose your Fedora image that you have downloaded. In my case I haven't downloaded this file, I think you know how to do the rest because I have shown that in the last two videos and I think I don't have to show it a third time it's so please just install the other Linux version that you need and then I will see you in the next video. Bye.

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Introduction to the console

1. Introduction to the console

Before we talk about the first commands we need to know for the epic exams, I think it makes sense that we first get to know our Bash. The Bash is, so to speak, the connection between the user and the system. As users, we can use Bash to give the system commands, which it then has to execute. We reach Bash as follows. We first click on the dots here, at the bottom left. And then we are looking for the terminal programme here. And in my case, it is here, at the bottom right. If you cannot find it yourself, then just go to the search bar at the top and type Terminal. And then here is the terminal. Click on the terminal, and the Bash opens. I would suggest that you right-click here on the left-side terminal icon and then add it to your favorites. So then the terminal is here every time. So I can close this, and you have the terminal here. Open this terminal, and by default the terminal has a black background with white letters. If you prefer a white background, you can click on the three horizontal lines above. Then click on preferences, and then here you can see profiles. Click on the plus symbol here and choose a name. For example Test Profile, create and then in the tap colours you can switch the colors. You can put black on light yellow, black on white, gray on black, green on black, and so on. Let me choose black on white and just close this And now you have a profile section here. You can click this and just choose Test Profile. And now you have a white background and black letters. So if this fits more to you, then use this or use another possibility. You saw there are many possibilities, but in my case I would use the default, and that's better for me. Okay, so now we are on our console. With the console, we can control the entire operating system. We can copy, move, create, or delete files. We can assign authorizations, we can restart the system or shut down completely. We can query detailed information about the hardware and much, much more. In order to be able to administer a Linux system, you don't need a graphical user interface. No graphical user interface is installed on servers on which Linux is installed. Everything runs through the console. And that is all this complete course is about. We can now move back and forth in the filesystem with the terminal. There is a command called PWD. This is the abbreviation for print working directory. So I will do this, and as a result we can see where we are currently in the directory tree. So at the moment we are in the directory home and then in the subdirectory "home." Manuel Manuel is my name, so my personal home directory In this personal home directory, I am authorised to create, delete, copy, and soon move files or directories without root rights. By the way, root is the administrator on a Linux system with the command LS, which is the abbreviation for list. We can display the contents of the directory in which we are currently located. So we can list the contents of the manual. And you see, we have different directors here. We can recognise them by their color: they are blue. We have different files here. Files are white. Here we have some files in red. They are archives packed with different archive tools. Then we have here green files, green files are executable files and so on and so on. This means we have in the directory home manual in which we are located further subdirectories, namely documents, downloads, links, globbing, desktop, scripting, videos and so onto switch to the documents directory. For example, we use the CD command CD stands for change directory. We want to change over to these directory documents. The nice thing is that we don't even have to write our documents in their entirety. It is sufficient to write "doc" here, and then we press the tap key, and the system automatically fills in the rest. Because in the subdirectory in which we are, there is no other directory that begins with doc. We are now in the documents directory, which we can also see right here. By the way, this symbol here is called a tilde and is the symbol for our home directory. So even without executing the PWD command, we can see that we are currently in the Home Manual Documents directory. But of course, we can check it again with PWD. And here's the confirmation we have in our home manual documents: Let's look again at what's in that directory, and nothing is here. So the documents folder is empty if we now want to move up a directory again. So we want to get out of documents and back to our manual. For this, we use the following command CD, the two dots mean that we are going back one directory. So, for explanation, we are nowhere in the documents directory. We want to go one step back to home base. So we use CD with PWD. We can check this again, and we get the confirmation that we are back in our home directory. In Linux, a hard drive is not displayed as it is in Windows. If you are or have been a Windows user, you know that a hard drive or partition is given a specific drive letter there. The hard drive is usually C. This can be seen as follows, and a second hard drive or partition is usually added as a result. D-A-C-D-rom could be E and so on. In Linux, we have what is called a directory tree. The first level of the directory tree is the so-called root. So let's go to the CD and the slash. and you can see here only the slash. This is our first position. So our top position in the directory tree So, previously, we were at home manual, and this is the first position here. Okay, let me list the content of root. And here we see all the subdirectories that start from root. For example, bin, CDROM, Etsy dev boot, and here is also our home directory, which we already know in home every registered user on the system has its own subdirectory, so his personal home directory. In his own home directory, the user can do what he wants by default. He is not allowed to do anything in other directories. We can just switch to the home directory with CD-Home LS. And here we also see the subdirectory manual. But we have three other users here: test users Thomas and Tom. So let's take another step back. By the way, we can clear the screen with the command clear to have a better overview. So we're back at the beginning, and we've just entered CD home. If I first enter this slash when switching directories, it means that the system always assumes that we start at root here. But since we are already at root, we can just use the following command: sorry, step back. We can just use this one without a slash. So the slash for root is not necessary here because we are already in here. So we get the same result again. We are back in the home directory. Okay, here we can see the subdirectory manual within Home. However, if I want to change to this directory, I cannot enter CDManuel. We get an error message that the file or directory could not be found. This is because the system looks for the directory manual directly on route. Because the slash directs the system to root, creating a subdirectory of root should be done manually. But the system couldn't find a subdirectory in route with the name "manual." Of course, because manual is the subdirectory of home. So we only have two options to get into the subdirectory manual: we can use just "cities" without a slash. Then you'll notice we're back in home mode, or we'll have to use the full path with city home manual. The first possibility, this one here, is the so-called relative path, and the second possibility is the so-called absolute path. If we now want to switch back to root, there are also two options: either the absolute or the relative path. The absolute path would be cityroot and the relative path would be city. That means we are going back two directories, and then there would be a route back two directories, and we are in route again to switch back to our home directory. Now we'll look at our personal home directory. Now we can take a shortcut. I already mentioned that the tilde shows our home directory. We can also use this connection for CD. So CD tilde and then PWD, and we are back in our home directory. We can look at detailed help for almost all commands that are available, of course, within the console. This help page is called the main page. Let's take, for example, the command LS.LS, which shows us the content of a directory. To display the LF man page, we simply choose the following command page and then LS for the LS command, and we are now in the LF main page and have detailed information on this command. Here the name LS list directory contents We have a description here, a list of information about the files, the current directory by default, sort entries alphabetically, and so on. And if we scroll down a little further, we see that there are many so-called options here. For example, the option A. The option A ensures that hidden files and directories are also shown to us in Linux. Hidden files and directories start with a dot. You can see here do not ignore entries starting with dot. You have to know that directories and files starting with dots are hidden in the system. A little bit further down, or here a little further down, we see the option to use a long listing format. The option L ensures that the content is output in more detail and that we receive further information on the corresponding files and directories. With the queue, we leave the main page, so let's use these two options. So LS and the options L-G-L for long listing, as well as A for displaying hidden files and directories, are available. We don't have to start each option with a minus here. minus l minus A: We can, but we don't have to. One minus is enough, so we can do it like this: LSLA, and we are shown significantly more directories and files here, since hidden files and directories are now also listed here with the dot at the beginning. These are hidden files. Here is a hidden directory with a dot at the beginning. Here is another hidden file, another hidden directory, and so on. This is what caused Option A. The option l has the effect that everything is now below each other and that we can still see things like the size of a file or directory, the creation date, the owner of a file, and the permissions. You will, of course, be able to learn intensively what all this means in the course. And of course, we can also just use one of the two options. So for example, in LSA, we have our old listings next to each other, but this time with hidden files and hidden directories. Or we can use LL for the longlisting format, but this time without invites. And so we have the option of choosing different options for almost every command in order to display different results or different views. There are actually a few commands that do not have a man page. Our already-known command CD is such a case. It doesn't work because there is no manual entry for CD in such a case; minus-minus help usually helps. So CD minus help And here we also get some information about the CD command. Change the shell working directory. Change the current directory to deer. The default value is the value of the home share variable. We have some options, and so on. Okay, that was a little instruction to the console. The next video then starts with the first topic relevant to the exam. I wish you a lot of fun and good luck with it.

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