500-470 Cisco Practice Test Questions and Exam Dumps
Question no 1:
Which three technologies are commonly used in a Software-Defined Access (SD-Access) Fabric? (Choose three.)
A. MPLS
B. TrustSec
C. VXLAN
D. OTV
E. LISP
F. RSVP
Answer:
B. TrustSec
C. VXLAN
E. LISP
Explanation:
A Software-Defined Access (SD-Access) Fabric is a modern architecture designed to simplify network management, increase scalability, and enhance security. SD-Access leverages a combination of different technologies to create a flexible, secure, and highly efficient network environment. Let's explore the technologies commonly used within an SD-Access Fabric and why these three are essential:
1. TrustSec (Option B)
TrustSec is a security technology developed by Cisco that provides scalable access control and segmentation in the network. It helps with creating secure boundaries by defining security policies that can be enforced across the network. In an SD-Access fabric, TrustSec is used for identity-based segmentation, allowing the network to dynamically enforce policies based on user identity, device type, or application, rather than relying on traditional VLAN-based segmentation. This simplifies network security management and enables a zero-trust model.
2. VXLAN (Option C)
VXLAN (Virtual Extensible LAN) is a network virtualization technology that is commonly used in SD-Access to create a logical Layer 2 network overlay over a Layer 3 infrastructure. It extends the reach of virtual networks across different physical locations by using encapsulation techniques, allowing multiple tenants or departments to be securely segmented on the same physical network infrastructure. In SD-Access, VXLAN is crucial for creating network overlays, enabling seamless communication across different geographic locations while maintaining isolation and scalability.
3. LISP (Option E)
LISP (Locator/ID Separation Protocol) is a network architecture and protocol designed to improve routing efficiency and scalability. In an SD-Access fabric, LISP is used for efficient routing of data across the network by separating endpoint identifiers (EIDs) from routing locators (RLOCs). This separation allows for greater flexibility in managing and scaling the network, especially in large, distributed environments. LISP enables SD-Access to efficiently manage device mobility and multihoming by providing better control over how traffic is routed through the network.
Why Other Options Are Not Used in SD-Access Fabric:
MPLS (Option A):
While MPLS is a powerful technology used for traffic engineering and service provider networks, it is not specifically designed for SD-Access Fabric. SD-Access focuses on overlay technologies like VXLAN and LISP rather than MPLS for routing.OTV (Option D):
OTV (Overlay Transport Virtualization) is an older technology used for data center interconnects and is not typically associated with SD-Access. It is primarily used in scenarios where Layer 2 connectivity is needed between geographically separated data centers, but it is not central to SD-Access.RSVP (Option F):
RSVP (Resource Reservation Protocol) is used primarily in Quality of Service (QoS) and traffic engineering for networks. It is not a core technology within SD-Access fabrics, as SD-Access focuses on network virtualization, segmentation, and security.
Conclusion:
The three technologies that play a critical role in a Software-Defined Access (SD-Access) fabric are TrustSec, VXLAN, and LISP. These technologies provide a combination of security, network virtualization, and scalability that enable SD-Access to efficiently manage modern enterprise networks. Therefore, Option B (TrustSec), Option C (VXLAN), and Option E (LISP) are the correct answers.
Question no 2:
Which of the following is an example of Correlated Insights for Software-Defined Access (SDA) and Switching?
A. Excessive Onboarding Time
B. Roaming Pattern Analysis
C. Control Plane Reachability
D. AP License Utilization
Answer:
B. Roaming Pattern Analysis
Explanation:
Correlated Insights refer to the process of analyzing data from various sources within a network and using that information to generate valuable insights about network performance, user behavior, or other operational aspects. In the context of Software-Defined Access (SDA) and Switching, correlated insights provide a way to gather and combine data across both the wired and wireless domains to improve network management, security, and user experience.
Why Roaming Pattern Analysis (Option B) is Correct:
Roaming Pattern Analysis is an example of Correlated Insights because it requires combining data from both wireless (Wi-Fi) and wired (switching) network environments. When a user moves across different access points (APs) in a wireless network, their connection to the network may shift between different parts of the network infrastructure, including switches that connect the APs and the overall SDA fabric.
By analyzing roaming patterns, you can gain insights into how users move across the network, whether there are connectivity issues, or if there are inefficiencies in the handover process between access points. This insight is particularly valuable in an SDA environment, where both wireless and wired infrastructure are managed in an integrated, software-defined manner. Correlating this data helps identify potential network issues such as coverage gaps, poor handoff quality, or areas where network capacity may need to be adjusted.
Why Other Options Are Incorrect:
Option A: Excessive Onboarding Time
While excessive onboarding time can indicate issues with device authentication or network provisioning, it doesn't directly correlate data from both the SDA and switching layers. It’s a more isolated metric related to user device connectivity rather than a broad, correlated insight.Option C: Control Plane Reachability
Control plane reachability focuses on the availability of network control protocols and can be important in troubleshooting or ensuring network reliability. However, it doesn’t provide correlated insights across both the switching and SDA layers. It is more focused on underlying infrastructure health.Option D: AP License Utilization
AP license utilization is important for managing access point resources and licensing requirements, but it doesn't correlate data across the entire network (wired and wireless). It is a more specific metric related to licensing, rather than a broader network insight.
Conclusion:
Roaming Pattern Analysis is a perfect example of Correlated Insights in an SDA and Switching environment because it involves combining data from both the wireless and wired network domains to provide a holistic view of user mobility, network performance, and potential issues. This insight can significantly improve user experience and help in optimizing network resources. Therefore, Option B: Roaming Pattern Analysis is the correct answer.
Question no 3:
Which two factors are used in calculating the subscription cost for a Cisco SD-WAN solution over 1-year, 3-year, or 5-year periods? (Choose two.)
A. Service Bandwidth
B. Security
C. Routing Protocol
D. Features
E. Hypervisor Platform
Answer:
A. Service Bandwidth
D. Features
Explanation:
When calculating the subscription cost for a Cisco SD-WAN solution, several factors influence the pricing model. Cisco offers subscription-based pricing for its SD-WAN services, which typically span periods of 1 year, 3 years, or 5 years. Understanding the key factors that contribute to this pricing helps businesses make more informed decisions when adopting Cisco SD-WAN solutions.
1. Service Bandwidth (Option A)
Service Bandwidth is one of the primary factors that influence the subscription cost of Cisco SD-WAN. The bandwidth required for the SD-WAN solution determines how much data can flow through the network, which directly impacts the cost of the service. Cisco offers different tiers of bandwidth, ranging from lower capacities for small-scale deployments to higher capacities for enterprise-level needs. The greater the required bandwidth, the higher the cost of the SD-WAN subscription.
Why It’s Important: SD-WAN solutions are designed to optimize the management of large volumes of data traffic across WANs, and the price of the service scales with the amount of data traffic that needs to be managed. Larger businesses or businesses with high data usage require more bandwidth, thus increasing the cost of the SD-WAN solution.
2. Features (Option D)
The features included in the SD-WAN subscription also play a significant role in determining the overall cost. Cisco offers various packages and pricing models based on the features that are selected. These features may include:
Advanced security functionalities such as firewalls, encryption, and intrusion detection
Traffic optimization tools like WAN acceleration and path control
Centralized management features and analytics capabilities
Why It’s Important: The more advanced or comprehensive the features, the higher the cost of the subscription. Organizations that require enhanced security, more sophisticated routing, or additional network optimization features will need to pay for these added functionalities.
Why Other Options Are Not Correct:
Option B: Security
While security is a key consideration in any SD-WAN deployment, it is not typically considered a standalone factor in pricing. Instead, security features are usually bundled as part of the overall feature set. Additional security features could increase the price, but they are part of the "Features" pricing factor, rather than being independently priced.Option C: Routing Protocol
The specific routing protocol used in SD-WAN (e.g., BGP, OSPF, etc.) does not typically affect the subscription cost directly. Cisco SD-WAN solutions support multiple routing protocols, but the choice of protocol is generally based on the network architecture and needs, rather than driving the subscription cost.Option E: Hypervisor Platform
The hypervisor platform (such as VMware, Hyper-V, or KVM) used in SD-WAN is typically not a cost driver for the subscription. While the hypervisor platform might affect deployment options or scalability, it does not usually impact the subscription pricing in Cisco's SD-WAN model.
Conclusion:
The two most important factors in calculating the subscription cost for Cisco SD-WAN are Service Bandwidth (Option A) and Features (Option D). These factors reflect the scale of the deployment and the specific capabilities required by the organization, both of which significantly influence the overall cost of the SD-WAN solution. Therefore, Option A: Service Bandwidth and Option D: Features are the correct answers.
Question no 4:
Which two of the following are benefits of a well-designed Wide Area Network (WAN)? (Choose two.)
A. Prioritize and secure with granular control
B. Reduce cost and increase operational complexity
C. Lower circuit bandwidth requirements
D. Provide lower quality service to guest users
E. Ensure remote site uptime
Answer:
A. Prioritize and secure with granular control
E. Ensure remote site uptime
Explanation:
A well-designed Wide Area Network (WAN) is essential for ensuring that an organization’s network infrastructure is efficient, reliable, and secure. WAN design plays a critical role in optimizing network performance, reducing operational costs, and improving overall business continuity. Below is an explanation of the two key benefits of WAN design.
1. Prioritize and Secure with Granular Control (Option A)
A well-designed WAN allows for granular control of the network traffic, enabling administrators to prioritize certain types of traffic over others. This ensures that mission-critical applications (such as VoIP, video conferencing, or real-time data) receive the necessary bandwidth and low latency required for optimal performance, while less critical applications can be deprioritized. Additionally, security features, such as traffic encryption and segmentation, can be integrated into the WAN design to protect sensitive data as it travels between remote sites. By implementing Quality of Service (QoS) and traffic prioritization, organizations can achieve better performance for their critical applications and ensure a secure network environment.
Why it’s a Benefit: This allows organizations to manage and optimize their network traffic effectively, providing better overall user experiences and maintaining network security.
2. Ensure Remote Site Uptime (Option E)
Ensuring remote site uptime is another critical benefit of a good WAN design. A well-planned WAN should incorporate redundancy and failover mechanisms to ensure that remote sites remain operational even if there is a failure at one location. This could include multiple WAN connections, such as MPLS, broadband, and LTE, which are automatically utilized in case one connection fails. Additionally, SD-WAN (Software-Defined WAN) allows for dynamic path selection and network traffic rerouting in the event of a failure, further improving uptime for remote sites.
Why it’s a Benefit: High availability and minimal downtime are essential for business continuity, especially for remote offices or distributed teams that rely on constant connectivity for day-to-day operations.
Why Other Options Are Incorrect:
Option B: Reduce cost and increase operational complexity
This option contradicts itself. While WAN designs aim to reduce operational costs (by optimizing resource usage, automating tasks, etc.), increasing operational complexity is not a benefit. A good WAN design should strive to simplify management and operation, not complicate it.Option C: Lower circuit bandwidth requirements
While efficient WAN design can optimize the use of available bandwidth, it is not necessarily about lowering the circuit bandwidth requirement. In some cases, businesses may need to increase bandwidth to accommodate growing demands or to ensure performance under heavy traffic loads.Option D: Provide lower quality service to guest users
While guest users are often allocated lower priority in some network designs, providing lower quality service is not a desirable goal. A well-designed WAN should ensure that all users, including guests, receive acceptable performance without jeopardizing the experience of priority users.
Conclusion:
The two primary benefits of a well-designed WAN are Prioritize and secure with granular control (Option A) and Ensure remote site uptime (Option E). These benefits help optimize network performance, improve security, and ensure business continuity, all of which are essential for an efficient and reliable network infrastructure. Therefore, Option A and Option E are the correct answers.
Question no 5:
What is a challenge of using a Centralized Design in SD-Access, where a single fabric encompasses the main site and all branch sites across the WAN?
A. End-to-End Routing is not supported
B. SSIDs would be the same across all sites
C. DNA Center does not support it
D. Since the traffic is encapsulated, SD-WAN features can't be used to optimize/route traffic
Answer:
D. Since the traffic is encapsulated, SD-WAN features can't be used to optimize/route traffic
Explanation:
In SD-Access (Software-Defined Access) networks, a centralized design typically involves a single, unified fabric that spans the main site (headquarters) and all the branch sites across the Wide Area Network (WAN). While this design offers many advantages in terms of simplified management and centralized policy enforcement, it also presents specific challenges. One of the key challenges is related to traffic optimization and routing, particularly when SD-WAN is used in conjunction with SD-Access.
Why Option D is the Correct Answer:
In a centralized SD-Access design, traffic from remote branch offices is often encapsulated and sent over the WAN to the main site, where it is processed. This means that the SD-WAN network cannot perform its typical traffic optimization and routing functions efficiently. SD-WAN is designed to dynamically route traffic based on network conditions, optimize paths for performance, and provide intelligent failover in case of a network issue. However, when SD-Access traffic is encapsulated and sent over the WAN to a central site, this encapsulation prevents SD-WAN from applying its typical path optimization and traffic engineering techniques.
Why This is a Challenge: The encapsulation process means that SD-WAN features such as intelligent path control, dynamic routing adjustments based on network conditions, and traffic optimization cannot be used. Essentially, this leads to reduced traffic efficiency and limited control over routing when traffic traverses between branch offices and the central site.
Why Other Options Are Incorrect:
Option A: End-to-End Routing is not supported
End-to-end routing is, in fact, still supported in a centralized SD-Access design. The primary routing function can still take place, although the traffic flow and optimization may be limited due to encapsulation and the centralization of the fabric.Option B: SSIDs would be the same across all sites
While it is true that SSIDs (Service Set Identifiers) can be configured consistently across all sites in an SD-Access deployment, this is not a challenge. In fact, having consistent SSIDs across sites simplifies management and user experience. The issue with a centralized design is more related to traffic encapsulation and routing, not SSID consistency.Option C: DNA Center does not support it
DNA Center (Cisco's Digital Network Architecture Center) fully supports centralized SD-Access designs, including managing both the main site and branch sites. The challenge isn't with the capabilities of DNA Center but with the inherent limitations in traffic optimization due to encapsulation in a centralized SD-Access network.
Conclusion:
The key challenge with a centralized SD-Access design that spans a WAN is that encapsulation of traffic prevents the use of SD-WAN features like path optimization, dynamic routing, and traffic optimization. This limits the ability to optimize WAN traffic and effectively manage network performance across the entire network. Therefore, the correct answer is Option D: Since the traffic is encapsulated, SD-WAN features can't be used to optimize/route traffic.
Question no 6:
What is the default interval for sending Bidirectional Forwarding Detection (BFD) packets in a typical network setup?
A. 1 second
B. 15 seconds
C. 10 seconds
D. 5 seconds
Answer:
A. 1 second
Explanation:
Bidirectional Forwarding Detection (BFD) is a protocol used to quickly detect faults in the forwarding path between two network devices. It is commonly used in conjunction with routing protocols such as OSPF, EIGRP, and BGP to improve network reliability by providing fast failure detection.
One of the key features of BFD is its ability to detect link failures or route changes very quickly, which helps in maintaining high network availability and minimizing downtime. BFD achieves this by sending periodic control packets between two routers or devices, allowing them to check the status of the link or path.
Why 1 Second (Option A) is the Default Interval:
The default interval for sending BFD packets is 1 second. This short interval allows BFD to detect link or path failures very quickly—within 1 second—making it suitable for environments that require rapid failure detection. If a failure occurs, the system can react quickly and reroute traffic without significant delays, which is especially important in high-availability networks and services.
Why It’s Important: The short detection time provided by a 1-second interval ensures that failures in critical paths are identified and addressed promptly, minimizing disruption to network traffic and improving overall network performance.
Why Other Options Are Incorrect:
Option B: 15 seconds
A 15-second interval would be too slow for most use cases where rapid failure detection is necessary. While it might be suitable for less time-sensitive applications, it does not provide the fast convergence that BFD is designed for.Option C: 10 seconds
Similarly, a 10-second interval would be slower than the default 1-second interval. It may still be useful for environments where fast failure detection is needed but not critical. However, it would not match the best practice for quick detection in high-availability networks.Option D: 5 seconds
A 5-second interval is faster than 15 or 10 seconds, but it still doesn't match the 1-second default interval. While 5 seconds can provide reasonably fast failure detection, 1 second is generally preferred for networks that require the quickest failover times.
Conclusion:
The default interval for sending BFD packets is 1 second (Option A), allowing for rapid detection of link failures and fast reaction times, which are critical in high-performance networks. This interval provides optimal network performance and minimal downtime, making it the most suitable option for most real-time and high-availability applications.
